CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background
of the Problem
In
every day interaction, people usually choose different codes in different
situation interaction which all nations, societies or formal state become close
one another. People agree code makes them easier to communication and get information
instrument, particular topic those which something to do with technology,
radio, television, internet, etc. So there is no reason to gain
knowledge because knowledge is essential to our lives, as described
QS.Al-Mujadalah: 11:
يَرْفَعِ اللهُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا مِنكُمْ
وَالَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ دَرَجَاتٍ (11)
Artinya:”Allah akan meninggikan
orang-orang yang beriman di antaramu dan orang-orang yang diberi ilmu
pengetahuan.”(QS.Al-Mujadalah: 11)
Indeed knowledge
is very important example code, code is related to
those fields rather than the language used in daily language communication from
the concept of communication itself and the role of language such English and
Arabic. Whether we like or not, we are obliged to master foreign language.
Code a main of communication is
very important as a system that is used by people. It also code can makes us
easy to interaction when to talk each other and make them choose a particular
code to express them felling to switch from one code
to another or to mix codes languages are used in the word. Code is important role in human as to
interaction with other people and as a cognition that truly makes us human. Code is a language that by used by the people without
forget to use the grammatical property formally. Code is the particular
dialect or language one chooses to use on any occasion, and a system for
communication between two or more parties (Wardhaugh).[1]
It is easy for them to switch or to mix on code to another code or one
language to another language. However, sometimes code switching and code mixing
will become to alternative language by announcer when do compensations, because
code switching and code mixing can make them easy to interpret word by word for
listener are listening when the speaker
said.
Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society. It also
can help us understand when we speak different in various social contexts, and
help us uncover the social relationships in a community to interaction wherever with transition from one language to
other language. Code
switching and code mixing is one
of various social contexts that can help interaction wherever with transition from one language to
other language. According to Martiana code switching and code mixing happened
as an effect of the cross language of Eros culture by people use bilingualism
or multilingualism. [2]
So code switching and code mixing as several of social contexts because can
help people relationship in a community was used one language to other language
it is can happen because effect of cross language.
Code switching is as
phenomenon switching from one code to other, or
code switching is a combination of 2 (two) languages and more in
accordance with the rules of the incorporation of the language such as merging
the word with words, phrases with phrases and sentences with phrases.[3]
There are number of possible reason for the switching from one language to
another by crystal, first of these the national that a speaker may not be able
to express him/herself in one language so switches to other to compensate for
the deficiency. Secondly, switching commonly occurs when individual wishes to
express solidarity with a particular social group. [4]
According Suwandi
code mixing is the using of two or more language in informal style between the
people which we know. It is important to note that
code switching and code mixing differs from “lexical borrowing”, a term that
covers “words of foreign origin which have been assimilated to the phonology of
the host language” Li. That theory said that code-switching is a natural product of the interaction
of the bilingual’s two languages.[5]
Early researchers viewed code-switching as evidence that the bilinguals’ two
languages were organized in separate and distinct mental dictionaries or using more than one language or variety of language simultaneously
in conversation. Kim define that code mixing is the condition in which a
conversant is using two languages together by changing from a language to the
other in the course of a single utterance.[6]
So code switching and code mixing can be accouter in various places and
situation, one fact of code switching and code mixing could be found in many
kind of announcer, one of them in radio announcer.
Announcer is person who introduces programs, read or provides
communication or announcer is someone
whose job is to talk between programmers on radio or television. According Legislative Council. Announcer is perceived by the
public as the most pervasive and powerful means of communication to connect
with the masses.[7]
Usually announcers includes
gathering, planning, writing, rewriting and delivering informational spots on
topics such as news and the weather, interviewing guests, working with
producers and assistants to choose program material, and communicating with
listeners by phone on air, or answering their emailed questions. Announcer Like on the Sound Broadcasting licensees’. The announcer Authority
assigned an independent survey company to collect public opinions the terms
code switching together with code mixing has been used by different scholars in
different ways with regard to their implied meaning for linguistic theories
(Bentahila & Davies).[8]
Based on the researcher observation of the announcer of L-Bass Radio
Institute Aliyah Islam Negeri (IAIN) Bengkulu, the researcher got that the
speaking ability of announcer is many variation base on Hoffman theory shows 3 types of code
switching are intra- sentential, inter-sentential, establishing continuity with
the previous speakers,[9]
and 3 types of code mixing are intra-sententiall, intra-lexical and involving a
change of pronunciation. Radio L-bass is radio
in Iain Bengkulu at Fm stripe, radio L-bass used frequency 97, 6 MHz and since
2004. At the firs, L-Baas Fm
Radio composition about 35% for music Islamic, 25% for Islamic
story, a 25% for pop song. The other program at radio L-bass top program for
education. At the first radio L-bass was gave programs by Islamic music and then
have program education it make announcer
often used code switching and code mixing, its aim is so that listener can
concentrate about code switching and code mixing. There are some programs at
L-bass radio fm like ruang philology, Lagu pop Indonesia, Tokoh inspiratif,
Ruang pendidikan, fun with language etc.
Radio
L-bass always gave which provides a lot of information to Islam every
day, but it is also broadcast
on the radio L-Bass
education such as English, Wednesday was gave information
about education English. The announcer always broadcasts at L-bass radio at
program; Wednesday “Fun with English” are Destri, Davit,
Alan, and Ani.
The announcers often used switching and mixing is that
program. It makes the researcher interest to indentify the program of code
switching and code mixing. Researcher chooses this program English because,
this program related on education about English. In this thesis, the researcher is interested
to analyze the problem entitled “An Analysis of Code Switching and Code Mixing
Used by Radio Announcers at L-Bass Radio 97, 6 MHz IAIN Bengkulu.
B. Identification of the Problem
Based
on background above, the researcher saw some problems that appeared in announcers.
Sometimes announcer do not know the reason use code switching and code mixing
used by radio announce at L-bass IAIN Bengkulu, it also what types of code
switching and code mixing are found in the conversation.
C.
Limitation of the Problem
The problem of this research
will be limited on the use of English code switching and code mixing by radio
announcers at L-bass radio 96, 7 MHz IAIN Bengkulu. Where the use of English code
switching and code mixing will be arrange based on Hoffman
theory sows 3 types of code switching
are intra- sentential, inter-sentential s, Establishing continuity with
the previous speaker ,[10]
and 3 types of code mixing are intra-sentential,
intra-lexical, and involving a change of pronunciation.
D.
Formulation of the
Problem
The research intens to answer
question: How is English code switching and code mixing used by radio announcer
at L-bass IAIN Bengkulu?
E.
Objectives of the
Research
Based on the problems above, the
aims of this study is as follows: To identify how is code switching and code mixing used by
radio announcer at L-bass IAIN Bengkulu.
F.
Significance of the
Research
An analysis can be beneficial for
developing knowledge and insight ad also can be applied for daily living. These
analyses have two main significances involve theoretical and practical.
Theoretical, in this study to was given information and contribution for the
next research of sociolinguistics especially to used code switching and code
mixing. Practically, since this study is specially focused on analyzing the
types of code switching and code mixing and the reason why this used. This
study might be useful for readers, especially to know the development of
English in prated media and can help them to have batter communication and interaction
in society who lives in bilingual and multilingual community.
G.
Definition of Key
Terms
There are some
variable in this research and will be explained best on title as follow:
1. Code switching is
participant share common cultural norms and background knowledge a language
shifting of clause, sentence, or discourse at one language to other language.
Giglioli he state that social meaning transmitted through stile switching or
other social linguistic devices is effective only when the participant share
common cultural and background knowledge.[11]
2. Code mixing is the transfer of
linguistics element from one language into another. According Suwandi code
mixing is the using of two or more language in informal style between the
people which we know.[12]
3. Radio
announcer at L-bass IAIN Bengkulu is person introduces programs to give
information about education, Trent, song, life style and etc, to communication
with listener. According Legislative Council,
Announcer is perceived by the public as the most pervasive and powerful means
of communication to connect with the masses.[13]
[2]
Monica Stella Cardenas and
Ismiyartaty Claros. Code switching and
code mixing in internet cheting:between,’yes.’ya’and’si’,a case study. Jakcalljournal (2009). vol.5 p.3
[3]
Sumarsih, Et al.“Code switching and code mixing
in Indonesia.”Canadian
center of science and education. 2014. p 77
[4]
Seckin Esen. “Code switching –
definition, types and examples of code switching”. 2014. P 3
[5] Rroberto R. Heredia
and Jeffrey. M btuwn. Code switching
Texas a & m International university. Texas: M International
University.. 2010 p 3
[7]
Lam Way.”Code switching and code mixing
in the broadcasts of commercial radio hongkong (crhk)”. Thesis
the University of Hong Kong 2013.p 11
[9] Dias Astuti Cakrawati. Analysis of code switching and code mixing in the teenlit canting catia
by dyan nuraniwdya. University Diponogoro. 2011. p 14
[10]
Dias Astuti Cakrawati. Analysis of code switching and code mixing
in the teenlit canting catia by dyan nuraniwdya. University Diponogoro.
2011. p 14
[11]
Monica Stella Cardenas and
Ismiyartaty Claros. Code switching and
code mixing in internet cheting:between,’yes.’ya’and’si’,a case study. Jakcalljournal (2009). vol.5 p.3
[12] Dias
Astuti Cakrawati. Analysis of code
switching and code mixing in the teenli canting catia by dyan nuraniwdya.
University Diponogoro. 2011. p 14
[13]
Lam
Way.”Code switching and code mixing in
the broadcasts of commercial radio hongkong (crhk)”. 2013.p 11
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar